At times, this view is promoted by journalists who lack the time or inclination to trace more complex causes. Condemning these official actions as human rights abuses, and treating them as dangers with international significance, must be central to any plan for preventing the outbreak of communal violence.Ĭommunal violence is often seen simply as the product of "deep-seated hatreds" or "ancient animosities" that have been unleashed by the collapse of authoritarian structures that had previously contained them. Among policies that fuel communal violence are those that reinforce intolerance and excuse harassment of targeted communities, as well as active governmental promotion or direction of violence against those communities. Yet because the international community often has not recognized when conflicts framed in ethnic or religious terms are the products of calculated government policies, it has failed to expose and confront those policies early, before their violent consequences explode. There is broad recognition that early warning and prevention of communal violence are preferable to later, more expensive and generally less effective actions like the U.N. 1 The murder of unarmed civilians based on their ethnic, racial or religious affiliations, the forcible displacement of ethnic and religious communities, and the burden that this tragedy places on international humanitarian agencies and donor nations, are now central issues of international relations. The current epidemic of communal violence-violence involving groups that define themselves by their differences of religion, ethnicity, language or race-is today's paramount human rights problem. Nandi Rodrigo provided production assistance. States not original parties to a conflict may subsequently intervene in order to aid one side or another or to impose peace.Aziz Abu-Hamad, Cynthia Brown, Holly Cartner, Rachel Denber, Alison Des Forges, Christopher George, Eric Goldstein, Jeannine Guthrie, Farhad Karim, Bronwen Manby, Ivana Nizich, Binaifer Nowrojee, Christopher Panico, Ken Roth and Karen Sorenson.Ĭynthia Brown and Farhad Karim edited the report. Parties to domestic conflict may carry the fight abroad, even in retaliation for aid given their opponents, in support of foreign groups that aid them, or to divert domestic or international attention from internal strife. Embattled regimes may obtain support from foreign governments or private sources. Dissidents may gain support from foreign governments or from foreign opposition groups. Domestic conflict may acquire international significance by following any of several paths. Its consequences, in extremis, may lead to major international war. ![]() Its roots are ordinarily local, including competing claims to power or independence based upon asserted differences of ethnicity, nationality, religion, language, or social class. Communal strife may pose international, as well as domestic, problems. Long-established polities are not necessarily immune, however, as witnessed by internal frictions that led to the disintegration of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia and to ensuing troubles within and among their successor states. ![]() ![]() Ethnic violence disturbs numerous former colonial territories of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. Newly independent states may be especially vulnerable. Intercommunal violence despoils many contemporary societies.
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